How to Read and Use an AWB: A Beginner's Guide

Reading an AWB (Air Waybill) might seem intimidating at first, but once you know the key fields and what they mean, it becomes a practical tool for tracking and managing air freight. This beginner-friendly guide walks through the common elements of an AWB, how to use the information, and tips that help avoid common mistakes.

Start with the AWB number. The AWB number is an 11-digit code used to track the shipment. The first three digits identify the issuing airline or series, and the last eight digits are the serial number. Use this number on the airline’s or forwarder’s tracking portal to get current status updates, routing and delivery ETA.

Next, find the parties and routing information. The AWB will list the shipper (who sends the goods) and the consignee (the recipient). Make sure names, addresses and contact numbers are accurate—errors here are a frequent cause of customs delays. The AWB also shows the airport of departure and destination, and sometimes intermediate routing points or flight numbers.

Look at the piece and weight data. The AWB records the number of pieces (cartons, pallets, etc.), the gross weight and often the dimensions. Carriers use this information for space planning and rate calculation. If weight or piece counts are wrong on the AWB, it can lead to charges or offloading at departure or arrival.

Check the goods description and commodity codes. The AWB will contain a brief description of the goods. For customs, the commercial invoice usually offers a detailed description and HS tariff codes, but the AWB’s description should match and be clear. Ambiguous or inaccurate descriptions can raise red flags with customs.

Note special handling and danger codes. If a shipment contains dangerous goods, perishable items or needs special temperature control, the AWB will include handling codes (sometimes IATA codes). These are critical for safe handling. For example, perishables may be marked for priority handling, while dangerous goods require specific documentation and segregation.

Review payment, charges and declared value. The AWB indicates whether freight is prepaid or collect, and lists chargeable weight (which may be chargeable weight or volumetric weight). It may also show a declared value for customs or carriage purposes. Understand whether the cost is borne by the shipper or consignee and whether insurance has been arranged.

Learn the routing and flight details. The AWB often shows the flight number and date for the carriage. For consolidated consignments, the MAWB will show the main flight while associated HAWBs may be linked to the individual shipper’s pieces within that MAWB. Tracking systems will update status as flights depart, arrive, and customs clearance completes.

Use the AWB for customs and clearance. Customs agents use AWB data to match the logistics record with the commercial invoice, packing list and other documents. Keep copies of the AWB (or e‑AWB confirmations) accessible to avoid delays during inspections or to respond to information requests quickly.

Practical example: Suppose you receive an AWB with an incorrect consignee phone number. When customs or the carrier attempts delivery, they cannot confirm the recipient, and the shipment may be held or returned. Correcting the AWB before departure prevents this. Similarly, if the AWB shows a lower weight than actual, the carrier may levy additional charges at destination and this complicates invoicing and delivery.

Tips for beginners when using an AWB:

• Verify details early: Check shipper/consignee, pieces, weight and commodity descriptions before the flight departs.
• Keep the AWB number handy: Use it to track and to open claims if loss or damage occurs.
• Watch for handling codes: Perishables, dangerous goods or valuable shipments often require specific codes and documentation.
• Coordinate with your forwarder: If you’re using a freight forwarder, confirm whether you’ll receive a HAWB, MAWB or both.
• Use e‑AWB where possible: It reduces paperwork, speeds customs, and provides cleaner data for tracking.

Common mistakes to avoid:

• Entering inconsistent descriptions between AWB and commercial invoice, leading to customs queries.
• Omitting special handling instructions for perishables or hazardous items.
• Using the wrong AWB number when tracking or filing claims—always double-check the 11-digit number.

Reading an AWB is a skill that pays off: it gives you visibility into where your cargo is, what the carrier expects, and what information customs will use. With a few minutes of review and the tips above, you’ll reduce surprises, speed clearance and improve the reliability of your air shipments.