What Is Stretch Film and How Is It Used?

Introduction to stretch film

Stretch film is a thin, highly stretchable plastic film commonly made from linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE). It is wrapped around pallet loads, cartons, and irregularly shaped items to create a tight, protective layer that stabilizes goods for storage and transit. Because the film is stretched as it is applied, it exerts a consistent inward force known as containment force, which keeps products from shifting during handling and transport.

Why warehouse and logistics teams use stretch film

Stretch film is one of the most widely used packaging materials in warehouses and distribution centers because it offers several practical benefits:

• Load stability: It holds items firmly together, reducing damage from shifting.
• Protection: It shields loads from dust, dirt, and light moisture.
• Cost-effectiveness: It is inexpensive compared with many alternatives.
• Simplicity: It can be applied manually or with wrapping machines for higher throughput.
• Adaptability: It conforms to many shapes and sizes, useful for irregular loads.

Common applications

Stretch film is used across industries and environments. Examples include:

• Securing stacked boxes on a pallet in an e-commerce fulfillment center.
• Wrapping furniture and appliances for moving and storage.
• Stabilizing heavy industrial components destined for export.
• Protecting refrigerated loads with cold-room rated films.

How stretch film works

When stretched, the film stores elastic energy. After application, the film attempts to return to its original size, creating containment force. Cling — the film's tendency to stick to itself — also helps maintain tightness without tape or adhesives. Modern films often combine high stretch and high cling so fewer layers are required to achieve the needed stability.

How to apply stretch film — a beginner's step-by-step (hand-wrap)

Hand-wrapping a pallet is straightforward and a good skill for anyone working in basic packaging:

1. Prepare the pallet: Ensure boxes are stacked squarely and cantilevering is minimized.
2. Attach film to the pallet base: Tuck the tail under a corner box or wrap around a base pallet board to secure the starting point.
3. Begin wrapping at the base: Make 3–4 wraps around the pallet base to anchor the load to the pallet.
4. Work upward: Overlap each wrap by about 50% as you progress to the top. Overlap improves containment and avoids weak spots.
5. Top wrap: Make 3–5 wraps across the top to protect from dust and prevent vertical shifting.
6. Return to finish: Wrap back down and finish with several more base wraps. Tear the film and tuck the end into previous layers or use the film's cling.

Machine wrapping

For higher volumes, stretch-wrap machines (rotary turntable or orbital wrappers) automate film application. Machines can pre-stretch film to 150–300% of its original length, dramatically reducing film used while increasing containment force. Machine wrap is faster, more consistent, and reduces operator fatigue.

Basic selection facts for beginners

When first choosing stretch film, consider these simple attributes:

• Gauge or thickness: Measured in microns or gauge. Thicker film can provide more puncture resistance but costs more.
• Hand vs machine use: Hand film is easier to tear and has different stretch properties than machine film.
• Cling: High-cling films hold tighter with fewer layers, useful for light loads.
• Width: Wider film covers more area per wrap, improving efficiency on large pallets.

Safety and storage

Store rolls in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to prevent degradation. Train staff in safe wrapping techniques to reduce repetitive strain injuries; for heavy or high-volume wrapping, use machines or ergonomic dispensers.

Limitations

Stretch film is not a perfect solution for every situation. It provides limited water resistance (not waterproof), and certain loads with sharp edges or oily surfaces may require additional protection or different film types. For export packaging requiring stronger environmental protection, consider shrink wrap, stretch hooding, or additional top covers.

Conclusion

For beginners, stretch film should be understood as a simple, flexible, and cost-effective way to stabilize, protect, and bundle pallet loads. Learning a few basic application techniques and selecting the right film type for your operations will reduce damage, lower costs, and improve the reliability of your shipments.