Evaluate WMS capabilities and APIs, SKU velocity and storage layout (pallet vs. bin), inbound receiving SLAs, pick/pack accuracy, returns processing, cold‑chain if required, cross‑dock options, security, and reporting. Contract terms should include KPI metrics, volume tiers, minimums, and clear liability for damage or delays.

Tema Port proximity shortens ocean transit handoffs but congestion and dwell time can increase landed cost; Kotoka Airport supports higher‑value and time‑sensitive airfreight. Road links to inland commercial centers impact last‑mile transit and trucking costs. Factor terminal handling, customs clearance times, and local trucking capacity into lead‑time estimates.

Common cost elements: storage (per pallet or per cubic meter), inbound receiving charges, pick‑and‑pack fees, packaging, outbound freight markup or pass‑through, returns handling, value‑added services, and customs/brokerage fees. Negotiate volume discounts, minimums, SLA penalties, and review fuel or peak‑season surcharges as levers to control total fulfillment cost.

Partner with 3PLs that provide licensed bonded warehousing, experienced customs brokers, and documented SOPs for documentation, HS classification, and duty management. Require EDI or portal access for shipment pre‑alerts, reconcile commercial invoices and manifests, and confirm the 3PL’s process for temporary admission, re‑export, and use of free‑zone facilities.