Assess 3PLs on throughput capacity, SKU mix handling, order batching, and SLA guarantees. Review tech for real-time inventory visibility, returns processing, and multi-carrier shipping. Validate peak-season labor plans, cross-dock capability, and experience with both parcel and pallet flows to ensure service-level flexibility.

Key factors include proximity to primary highways, distribution hubs, and carrier terminals; dock and staging capacity; and the availability of temperature-controlled space. Shorter highway distances and higher carrier density typically lower last-mile costs and transit times.

Prioritize WMS with real-time inventory APIs, order management integration, carrier rate shopping, and exception reporting. Look for SKU-level dashboards, EDI or API connectivity, and automated replenishment triggers to support omnichannel visibility and faster decision-making.

Common models include fixed storage plus activity-based pick/pack and outbound shipping fees. Negotiate transparent slotting fees, agreed labor productivity targets, volume tiers, and review periods for rate adjustments. Include KPIs and chargeback terms to control variability and align incentives.