Evaluate facility layout and racking for SKU velocity, pick-and-pack accuracy metrics, WMS integrations, carrier connectivity, and SLA-driven transit times. Verify capacity flexibility for seasonal peaks and a clear billing model that separates storage, handling, and inbound receiving charges.

Carrier density and route frequency directly affect transit time and freight rates. Prioritize 3PLs with multiple national and regional carrier contracts, reliable consolidation lanes, and real-time rate visibility to optimize mode selection and reduce expedite fees.

Balance centralization and decentralization by placing fast-moving SKUs near major demand corridors while staging seasonal or high-variability items in overflow locations. Use demand forecasting to determine safety stock and evaluate cross-docking options to minimize handling costs.

Confirm customs brokerage experience, bonded storage availability, and secure receiving procedures. Ensure the 3PL maintains accurate documentation, has tested export/import workflows, and can provide temperature control or hazardous goods handling if required.

Request sample invoices, cost-per-order scenarios, and SLA penalties for errors or delayed shipments. Compare fee transparency for inbound receiving, storage tiers, pick-and-pack, returns processing, and any minimum monthly charges to model true cost-to-serve.