Focus on measurable KPIs (OTIF, inventory accuracy, order cycle time), facility attributes (clear height, dock count, pallet positions), throughput capacity, WMS capabilities, and proven seasonal scalability. Request historical performance reports and SLA penalties to validate provider commitments and operational reliability.

Model cost drivers including storage rates per pallet, handling fees, inbound/outbound touches, turnover frequency, and slotting efficiency. Compare scenario-based TCO for high-turn SKU pools versus long‑term storage, and include lead times, shrink, and sample billing to capture true landed warehousing costs.

Verify parcel and LTL carrier affiliations, zone skip and sortation options, integration with carrier rate shopping, returns processing workflows, and access to regional carriers. Confirm negotiated terms, on‑time performance data, and surcharge exposure to understand last‑mile economics.

Require a WMS with real‑time inventory sync, SKU-level lot/serial tracking, API/EDI connectivity, barcode scanning workflows, and robust reporting. Ensure the 3PL supports order orchestration, split shipments for omnichannel orders, and easy data exchange for forecasting and replenishment.

Labor availability, wage rates, and temp staffing dynamics drive labor cost variability and throughput during peaks. Road congestion, proximity to carrier hubs, and access to intermodal terminals influence transit times and carrier reliability. Assess local conditions to forecast overtime, absentee risk, and on‑time delivery impacts.